Missilery.infomissiles information system

Strategic mobile complex Topol 15ZH58 (RS-12M) with three intercontinental ballistic missile that is suitable for placement on the self-car chassis (on the basis of solid propellant ICBMs RT-2P) was launched at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering under the leadership of Alexander Nadiradze in 1975. Resolution of the Government to develop a set of published July 19, 1977. After the death of Alexander Nadiradze work was continued under the leadership of Boris Lagutina. Mobile Topol “was supposed to be a response to the increasing accuracy of U.S. ICBMs. Required to create complex, with high survivability, not achieved the construction of reliable shelter, and the creation of the enemy uncertain about the location of the missiles.

By the end of the fall of 1983, experienced a series of new missile, designated the RT-2PM was built. December 23, 1983 at the Plesetsk began flight-design tests. For all the time they had only one unsuccessful start-up. In general, the missile demonstrated high reliability. In the same tests and military units of all BRK. In December 1984, the main series of tests was completed. However, delay in the development of certain elements of the complex, not directly connected with the missile. The entire test program was successfully completed in December 1988.

The decision to start serial production systems adopted in December 1984. Series production launched in 1985.

In 1984, construction began on a fixed-based facilities and equipment routes combat patrol mobile missile complexes Topol. Objects placed in the position of the areas removed from the duties of intercontinental ballistic missiles, the RT-2P and the SD-100, located in SHPU OS. Then start setting up the position of areas removed from service under the contract of INF complexes of intermediate-range “Pioneer”.

In order to gain experience of the new complex in the armed forces in 1985, it was decided to deploy the first missile regiment in the city of Yoshkar-Ola, without waiting for completion of the joint tests. 23 July 1985 the first regiment of mobile Topol “assumed duty in the military under the Yoshkar-Oloy on-site deployment of missiles, the RT-2P. Later the “Poplars” received by the division under the dislocated Teykovo and prior to arming ICBMs UR-100 (8K84).

28 April 1987 on ground alert for Nizhny Tagil assumed missile regiment, armed complexes Topol “with a moving command post” barrier. ” SCN “barrier” is often duplicated secure radio system. On a mobile launcher PCU “barriers” placed missile combat control. After the launch of its transmitter gives the command to launch an ICBM.

1 December, 1988 a new missile system was formally adopted by the Soviet Strategic Missile Forces. In the same year he began full-scale deployment of missile regiments with a set of “Poplar”, and the simultaneous de-alerting of obsolete ICBMs. 27 May 1988 at the battle near Irkutsk dezhurctvo assumed first regiment ICBM Topol with advanced SCN Granit and automated control system.

By mid 1991, deployed 288 missiles of this tipa.V 1999, armed with the Strategic Missile Forces had 360 IP missiles Topol. They carried on duty in ten positional areas. In each district based on four – five regiments. On the armament of each shelf – nine autonomous launchers and mobile command post.

Rocket Division poplars were deployed near the cities of Barnaul, Upper Salda (Nizhny Tagil), Vypolzovo (Bologoye), Yoshkar-Ola, Teykovo, Yurya, Novosibirsk, Kansk, Irkutsk, as well as firewood in the village of Chita region. Nine regiments (81 launchers) were deployed in the missile division of the territory of Belarus – a Lida, Mozyr and place. After the disintegration of the USSR “Topol” remained outside Russia, in the territory of Belarus. 13 August 1993 began the withdrawal of the RVSN grouping Topol “from Belarus, 27 November 1996 it was completed.

In the west range was designated SS-25 “Sickle”.

Composition.

Launch RT-2PM executed under the scheme with three levels of cruise, and combat. To ensure a high energomassovogo excellence and increase the range of fire in all stages of flight, it was used the new fuel with high density specific impulse, an increase of several units, compared with fillers previously established engine and hull upper stages were first carried out a continuous winding of organoplastika a “cocoon . Complex technical problems has proved to the front end shell upper node cutoff draft with eight reversible funnel and “windows”, trench DUZ’ami (Douz – elongated detonating charge) in organoplastikovoy power structure.

The first stage consists of a march RDTT and tail compartment on the outer surface of which are available aerodynamic rudders and stabilizers. Boosters is still one soplo.Vtoraya constructive step consists of connecting the compartment cruise RDTT. The third stage is almost the same design, but it was additionally includes transition compartment, which is attached to the nosecone.

Independent, inertial control system developed in the Automation and Instrumentation NGOs under the leadership of Vladimir Lapygina. Sighting system developed under the leadership of chief designer of the Kiev factory “Arsenal” Seraphim Parnyakova. Inertial system has its BTSVM that resulted in a high-precision shooting. According to local sources the circular probable deviation (CEP) when shooting at maximum range is 400m, according to Western sources – 150-200m. The control system can control the missile flight, the scheduled works on missile and launcher, prelaunch preparation and launch missiles without turning launcher. All prelaunch preparation and launch fully automated.

“Poplar” is equipped with a set of means for overcoming anti-missile defense. Flight missiles carried out by means of turning gas and lattice aerodynamic rudders. New nozzle apparatus solid motors. To ensure secrecy developed camouflage, false complexes, the masking. As wireless systems past the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering, “Topol” may start as a route to the combat patrol, and during parking in the garage shelters with parted roof. For this launcher hung out at the jack. Combat readiness of the receipt of the order to launch missiles had been brought up to two minutes. For new systems were developed by the mobile and fixed command punkty.Podvizhnoy battle management command post ICBM Topol “posted at the base of chetyrehosnogo MAZ-543M. To control the fire and used mobile command centers “Barrier” and “Granite”, equipped with a missile, with a transmitter instead of the combat load, which, once launched, the missile has overlapping commands to start for the PP in the position area.

In the operation of the missile is in a transport-launch container mounted on a mobile launcher. It is mounted on the base semiosnogo chassis MAZ heavy. Start rocket is made from a vertical position by means of powder pressure accumulator located in the transport-launch container.

Launchers developed at the Volgograd CDB Titan, under the leadership of Valerian Sobolev, and Victor Shurygin. Launcher mounted on the chassis of the tractor semiosnogo MAZ-7912 (later – 7917 MAZ-wheel formula 14h12. This machine is 80-s equipped with a Diesel Power 710 hp), Minsk Automobile engine Yaroslavl Motor Plant. Chief Designer Vladimir raketovoza Tsvyalev. Solid charge engines developed in Lyuberetskom NGO “Union”, under the leadership of Boris Zhukov (later merger led by Zinovy Pak). Composite materials and container is designed and manufactured in the Central Research Institute of Special Machinery, under the leadership of Victor Protasova. Steering hydraulic and hydraulic self-rocket launcher developed by the Moscow Central Research Institute of Automation and hydraulics. A nuclear warhead was created in the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, under the leadership of chief designer Samvel Kocharyantsa.

It was originally installed lifetime warranty missiles 10 years. Later warranty extended to 15 years. Rolling control battle management ICBM Topol “located on the chassis chetyrehosnogo MAZ-543M. To control the fire and used mobile command centers “Barrier” and “Granite”, equipped with a missile, with a transmitter instead of the combat load, which, once launched, the missile has overlapping commands to start for the PP in the position area.

Tactical and technical characteristics.

• Maximum range, km 10 000;
• The length of the missile, m 21,5;
• Starting weight, t 45;
• The mass of the parent of t 1;
• Curb weight of the first stage, t 27,8;
• The length of the first stage, m 8,1;
• The length of the second stage, m 4,6;
• The length of the third stage, m 3,9;
• Length of head, m 2,1;
• The diameter of the shell the first stage, m 1,8;
• The diameter of the shell the second stage, m 1,55;
• The diameter of the third stage of the shell, m 1,34;
• The diameter of the transport-starting container, m 2;
• Surface area of combat patrol the complex, km² 125 000;

Testing and maintenance.

PGRK “Topol” was released for testing in February 1983. The first launch took place on February 8 at the Plesetsk. This and two subsequent launch was made from converted mine fixed missile RT-2P. One start-up has ended unsuccessfully.

Every year is determined by reference to one launch missiles Topol from Plesetsk test site. A high level of reliability set by the fact that during its testing and operation has been made about fifty control test missile launches. All have gone without denial.

November 29, 2005. was carried out military training and launch an ICBM RS-12M Topol ‘mobile home from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in the direction of the Kura test site in Kamchatka. Training missile warheads with a given precision struck conditional goal at the Kamchatka Peninsula. The main objective of launching – to check the reliability of equipment. Launch prostoyala combat duty in 20 years. This is the first case in practice, not only domestic but also global missile – successfully launch solid propellant rockets, which was many years in operation.

On the basis of an ICBM Topol designed conversion space launch vehicle “Start.” Missile launches “Home” is from the cosmodrome Plesetsk and Svobodny.